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A
Aperture:
Circular hole in the front of the camera lens, which controls how much light is exposed to the sensor (or film for non digital cameras) when a picture is taken.
Aperture size is usually calibrated in f-numbers- the larger the number, the smaller the lens opening.
Aperture priority:
An exposure mode on an automatic or autofocus camera that lets you set the aperture while the camera sets the shutter speed for proper exposure. If you change the aperture, or the light level changes, the shutter speed changes automatically.
Auto flash:
Auto flash means the camera has a built-in flash that fires automatically when more light is needed to compose the picture.
Autofocus:
The camera focuses automatically on the subject in the center of the viewfinder when you press the shutter release.
C
CCD:
A Charged Coupled Device (CCD) converts light into electrical current. The digital camera equivalent of film.
D
Digital zoom:
Camera feature involving enlarging the entral part of an image to give a similar effect to a telephoto lens. Basically working like a crop, it usually results in a drop in image quality.
Download:
The transfer of files or other information from one piece of computer equipment to another (such as when transferring pictures from a digital camera to a computer).
dpi (Dots per inch):
Measurement of the resolution of a printer or a video monitor.
Driver:
A software utility which tells a computer how to operate an external device.
E
Electronic Viewfinder (EVF):
A tiny color LCD monitor placed inside a Viewfinder which does not suffer from glare problems of standard LCD monitors.
Exposure:
The amount of light falling onto a digital camera's CCD. Exposure isdetermined by the combination of shutter speed (duration) and aperture(Intensity).
F
Filter:
A colored piece of glass or other transparent material used over the lens to emphasize, eliminate, or change the color or density of the entire scene or certain areas within a scene.
Fixed-focus lens:
A lens that has been focused in a fixed position by the manufacturer. The user does not have to adjust the focus of this lens.
f-number:
A number that indicates the size of the lens opening on an adjustable camera. The common f-numbers are f/1.4, f/2, f/2.8, f/4,f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, and f/22.
The larger the f-number, the smaller the lens opening.
Also called f-stops, they work in conjunction with shutter speeds to indicate exposure settings.
File format:
The way information in a file is stored. Common file formats includeJPEG, TIFF, FlashPix and GIF.
Flash Memory:
A type of fast memory chip that remembers all its data even when the power is turned off. See removable media.
Focus:
Adjustment of the distance setting on a lens to define the subject sharply.
G
GIF:
A graphic file format developed for exchange of images files (only supports 256 colors).
Greyscale:
What photographers would call a black & white image.
I
Internal storage:
Some digital cameras have some built-in memory (although it has been replaced by removable media on most models).
Interpolation:
Increasing the number of pixels in an image or filling in missing color information by averaging the values of neighboring pixels.
ISO:
Film sensitivity is traditionally measured by the ISO standard. The higher the number, the more sensitive it is to light.
As with film, the highest ISO speed of a digital shot, the more noticeable the electronic noise in the image becomes.
JPEG:
A file format that stores digital images in a very space-efficient way. Used by virtually all digital cameras, JPEG uses a form of "lossy" compression to reduce file sizes at the expense of fine image detail.
The level of compression (and thus the loss of quality) is varied, and this forms the basis of digital camera quality settings.
L
Lens:
One or more pieces of optical glass or similar material designed to collect and focus rays of light to form a sharp image on the film, paper, or projection screen.
Lens shade:
A collar or hood at the front of a lens that keeps unwanted light from striking the lens and causing image flare. May be attached or detachable, and should be sized to the particular lens to avoid vignetting.
Lens-shutter camera:
A camera with the shutter built into the lens; the viewfinder and picture-taking lens are separate.
Lens speed:
The largest lens opening (smallest f-number) at which a lens can be set. A fast lens transmits more light and has a larger opening than a slow lens.
M
Macro Mode:
Macro mode allows a digital camera to take close-up pictures of small objects like flowers, insects, coins, etc.
Megabyte:
A megabyte (MB) is a unit of data used to describe the size of digital images and the capacity of a digital memory card. Memory cards are available in sizes ranging from 8MB to 2 Gigabytes (a Gigabyte is the equivalent of 1,024MB).
Megapixel:
A measure of resolution that reflects the ability of a digital camera to record detail. The more megapixels a camera has, the more detail its images can contain and the more they can be enlarged without losing clarity.
O
Optical resolution:
Digital camera's true CCD resolution.
Optical Viewfinder:
Viewfinder system showing a similar view to that seen by the lens. Uses no power but can cause parallax and focus error.
Optical zoom:
Optical zoom magnifies the size of an image by adjusting the lens. Unlike digital zoom, optical zoom enlarges the subject without sacrificing resolution.
P
Parallax error:
Mis-framed photographs (especially close-ups) caused by the different viewpoints of the lens and the optical viewfinder.
Pixel:
Smallest element of a digitized image. One of the tiny points of light that makes up an image on a computer screen.
ppi:
Pixels/points per inch. A measure of the resolution of digital images, scanners and printers.
R
Removable Media:
Small memory chips which store the captured images. The two main formats are CompactFlash and SmartMedia.
Resolution:
Measure of the amount of information in an expressed in terms of the number of pixels per unit lenght.
Camera resolution is usually defined as the actual number of pixels in an image.
S
Shutter:
Blades, a curtain, plate, or some other movable cover in a camera that controls the time during which light reaches the film.
Shutter priority:
An exposure mode on an automatic or autofocus camera that lets you select the desired shutter speed; the camera sets the aperture for proper exposure.
If you change the shutter speed, or the light level changes, the camera adjusts the aperture automatically.
Shutter Speed:
The time for which the CCD or film is exposed during an exposure. High shutter speeds prevent camera shake and can freeze motion in photos. Slow (long) shutter speeds allow exposures in low light.
Subjet modes/scene modes:
Special fully automatic exposure modes which use the optimum settings for specific subjects, eg. sport.
Single-lens-reflex (SLR) camera:
The most expensive of all digital cameras, digital SLRs offer complete manual control, higher resolution, advanced exposure control, and the benefits of detachable lenses. Due to the lens design, digital SLR's are not capable of shooting video.
T
Telephoto lens:
Lens that makes subject seem closer than they are.
Thumbnail:
A small, low resolution version of a larger image file used for quick identification or showing many images on a screen.
TIFF:
Standard file format for high-resolution bitmapped graphics.
Twain:
Protocol for exchanging information between applications and devices such as digital cameras.
U
USB:
Universal Serial Bus. New type of connector for attaching peripherals such as keyboard, scanners, printers. Offer faster data transfer and easier connection than PC parallel port.
W
White balance:
In digital camera terms, an adjustment to ensure colors are captured accurately whatever the lighting used.
Can be set automatically, using presets for different lighting types or measured manually.
Wideangle lens:
A lens of short focal length giving a wide angle of view allowing more of a scene to be fitted into a photo.
Z
Zoom lens:
Variable focal length that allows the user to adjust his field of view (zoom in or out) without moving. Not to be confused with a digital zoom.
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